Fistula Definition, Symptoms and Treatment
A fistula is an abnormal pathway or canal that forms a pathological connection or tunnel between two organs within the body or between an organ and the outside world. This can occur as a result of a wound, inflammation or surgical intervention.

Symptoms of Fistula:
1. Discharge: Fistula is usually manifested by fluid discharge from an organ or skin surface.
2. Pain or Discomfort: Pain, tenderness or discomfort may be felt at the site of the fistula.
3. Bad Odour: Fistula discharge can often have a foul odour because body fluids and bacteria combine in this area.
4. Skin Changes: The skin around the fistula may have changes such as redness, swelling, or a rash.
5. Difficulty Swallowing or Breathing: Internal fistulas can affect the respiratory or digestive system, in which case the symptoms will vary accordingly.

Causes of Fistula:
1. Inflammation: Chronic inflammation can lead to fistula formation inside the body. For example, inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn’s disease can contribute to this condition.
2. Injuries: Incorrect tissue attachment or suturing during healing after injury can lead to fistula formation.
3. Surgical Interventions: Fistula can form during surgery, during wound healing or after removal of stitches.
4. Infections: Chronic infections can trigger fistula formation inside the body.

Treatment of Fistula:
1. Surgical Intervention: Fistula is usually corrected surgically. During surgical intervention, the fistula tract is closed and normal tissue healing is supported.
2. Medications: Antibiotics may be used to control the infection.
3. Stent Application: In some cases, stents or drainage tubes may be placed to keep the fistula open.
4. Medical Treatments: In some cases, medications or medical treatments (for example, treatment of inflammatory conditions such as Crohn’s disease) may be helpful in treating fistula.

Prevention:
– Use of proper suturing techniques during surgical procedures.
– Early treatment of inflammation or injury and control of infections.

Fistula is usually a serious condition and may need to be treated. Without appropriate treatment, a fistula can lead to infections or other complications. Therefore, it is important to consult a health care professional when signs of fistula are noticed. Specialists can manage the treatment of the fistula by creating a treatment plan appropriate to the individual situation.