Bladder cancer is a malignant tumour that develops in the bladder and usually starts in the cells lining its inner surface. It is diagnosed with urine tests, cystoscopy, biopsy and imaging; depending on the stage, treatment is planned with surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and targeted medicines.
The tumour usually starts on the inner surface of the bladder and over time may grow into deeper layers. The earlier it is noticed, the easier it is to treat.
Symptoms
Blood in the urine should be taken seriously even if there is no pain. Other symptoms may include:
- Pain or burning when passing urine
- Needing to pass urine often, especially at night
- Straining to pass urine
- Changes in how the urine looks or smells
Diagnosis
Several methods are usually used together: urine tests, cystoscopy (looking inside the bladder with a camera), biopsy (taking a tissue sample) and imaging such as ultrasound, computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging.
Treatment
Treatment is planned according to the stage of the disease, how far it has spread and the patient's general health. Options include surgical removal of the tumour, radiotherapy (treatment with high-energy radiation), chemotherapy and targeted drug treatments. If you see blood in your urine or have risk factors, it is advisable to see a urologist.
Frequently asked questions
Which doctor should I see if there is blood in my urine?
How is cystoscopy done?
How is bladder cancer treated?
Can bladder cancer come back?
Does smoking increase the risk of bladder cancer?
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