HPV (human papillomavirus) is a common, sexually transmitted virus with many types. Some types cause genital warts, while high-risk types can lead to cancer. Warts are treated by freezing, cauterisation, creams or surgery; vaccination and regular screening are the key ways of preventing disease.
Most people come into contact with HPV at some point in their lives. A large proportion of infections pass without any symptoms, and the body clears the virus on its own.
Symptoms and Risks
Some types of HPV cause small, fleshy or flat warts (condylomas) on and around the penis, vagina and anus. Many infections, however, cause no symptoms, and people may not know they carry the virus. High-risk types can cause cancer, especially if the infection persists for a long time.
Conditions linked to HPV:
- Genital warts
- Cervical cancer
- Cancers of the vulva, vagina, penis, anus and oropharynx (the back of the throat)
Treatment
Genital warts are treated with cryotherapy (freezing), electrocautery, medicines applied to the warts or surgical removal. Cancer prevention involves the HPV vaccine and regular cervical screening.
Prevention
The vaccine is usually recommended for people aged 9 to 26. Condoms reduce the risk of transmission but do not remove it completely.
Frequently asked questions
Does HPV always cause symptoms?
Does HPV go away on its own?
Can genital warts come back after treatment?
Do condoms protect completely against HPV?
Is the HPV vaccine also given to men?
Which doctor should men see about HPV?
Last updated:
