Sexually transmitted infections can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites. Depending on the cause, they are treated with antibiotics, antiviral or antifungal medicines and, where needed, creams. Condoms, vaccination and regular check-ups are the basis of prevention.
Some of these infections cause obvious symptoms, while others can go unnoticed for a long time. That is why it makes sense to get checked if you are at risk, even without symptoms.
Symptoms
Common symptoms of sexually transmitted infections include:
- Pain or burning during sex
- Discomfort when passing urine
- Unusual discharge from the penis or vagina
- A rash, blisters or sores on the genitals
Signs specific to some infections
Gonorrhoea causes burning when passing urine and a yellow or green discharge. HPV can cause genital warts and increases the risk of cervical cancer. HIV/AIDS can show itself through fever, tiredness, swollen lymph glands, long-lasting diarrhoea, loss of appetite and weight loss.
Treatment
- Antibiotics for bacterial infections
- Antiviral medicines for viral infections (for example HIV or herpes)
- Antifungal medicines for fungal infections
- Creams and lotions for some skin lesions and rashes
Prevention
Condoms reduce the risk of infection. Vaccines are available against some infections, such as HPV and hepatitis B. Regular sexual health check-ups and screening help infections to be picked up early.
Frequently asked questions
Which doctor should I see about a sexually transmitted infection?
What tests are done for sexually transmitted infections?
Should I get tested if I have no symptoms?
Do condoms protect against all sexually transmitted infections?
Does my partner also need treatment?
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